[Ger-Poland-Volhynia] last names?

[Richard O. Schienke]

To be or not to be. . .

A surname or it spelling will not define one’s genetic DNA.
DNA testing is necessary.
Follow Sigrid’s lead in this. “Jews” had to take a surname under Napoleonic code, kinda late in the game.
Surnames were needed for tax purposes.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleon_and_the_Jews <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleon_and_the_Jews>
http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3191492,00.html <http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3191492,00.html>

Most of the Germanic surnames ‘morphed’ from Plattdeutsch to ‘Hochdeutsch’ (flatland german to hillyland german) from the 1500’s forward in time. Plattdeutsch was the ‘Lingua Franca’, bridge language/trade language, language of commerce and diplomacy, of the Hansa (Hanse) League from the 900’s to the 1500’s. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanseatic_League <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanseatic_League> 

Why did surname spellings morph? 
Martin Luther’s translation of the Bible into “Hochdeutsch”, (a geographic term of identity) that I refer to as the ‘hilly Saxon’ language of the foothills people. Luther’s Bible changed the German language more than any other influence, becoming the official language of commerce when Germany became an official country in 1871 c.e.

From early 1500’s on, young pastors fresh out of seminary schools would begin using Hochdeutsch spellings for German names as if Flatland German was inferior. Every mother loves its own baby.

On 23andMe I’ve compared my DNA with many carrying some Ashkenazi markers. . . Wow, one even had a 25.0% level. I carry 0.00%. In reality, they carry my Nordic genes.

"Krause haar” or curly, wavy hair is a body feature, oft used as a surname times of old.
Frisians and Dutch are still known for their wavy or curly hair. Krause. (krau’seh- Hey, Curly. . .
 


> On May 9, 2016, at 9:18 AM, Sandra Braun <sandi.braun at hotmail.com> wrote:
> 
> Hi Dave. I have Krause ancestry and have had dna testing  The test results showed there was no Jewish connection. FYI
> Sandra Braun
> 
> Sent from my iPhone
> _______________________________________________
> Ger-Poland-Volhynia site list
> Ger-Poland-Volhynia at sggee.org
> https://www.sggee.org/mailman/listinfo/ger-poland-volhynia

   . . . Otto
        “The Zen moment. . . wk of January 1 2016
         _________________________________________
                “The fruit. . .  grows on the tree."